1. _____ The intercostal nerve of the 7th intercostal space in the midaxillary line contains

A. preganglionic sympathetic fibers.

B. somatic sensory fibers.

C. preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

D. postganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

E. Both B and D.

2. _____ Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are

A. myelinated.

B. found in the white ramus communicans.

C. shorter than the parasympathetic postganglionic fibers.

D. found in the ventral root of S3 (sacral) spinal nerve.

E. Both A and D.

3. _____ Postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the pre-aortic ganglia

A. form named nerves (e.g. splanchnic), which innervate abdominal viscera.

B. travel with branches of the aorta to reach the abdominal viscera.

C. synapse on sympathetic chain ganglia.

D. join the gray rami communicans of lumbar spinal nerves.

E. None of the above.

4. _____ The sympathetic trunk

A. contains postganglionic fibers that ascend or descend to different spinal levels.

B. has chain ganglia only at levels T1-L2.

C. is located paravertebrally, from C1 to the coccyx.

D. is found within the posterior mediastinum.

E. is located lateral to the parietal pleura at upper thoracic levels.

5. _____ Splanchnic nerves

A. synapse on sympathetic chain ganglia.

B. contain preganglionic fibers that synapse on mural ganglia of the stomach.

C. hitch a ride on branches of the aorta to reach organs.

D. contain preganglionic sympathetic fibers.

E. Both B and C.

6. _____ The dorsal root of a spinal nerve

A. contains visceral and somatic sensory fibers.

B. contains somatic motor fibers that innervate intrinsic back muscles.

C. joins the ventral root to form a spinal nerve.

D. courses lateral to the intervertebral foramen to form the spinal nerve.

E. Both A and C.

7. _____ Vagal fibers

A. are found in cranial nerve 9.

B. innervate the sweat glands of the skin of the thorax.

C. synapse on mural ganglia in the small intestine.

D. are postganglionic fibers.

E. are found in the white ramus communicans.

8. _____ The event which triggers the completion of meiotic divisions of the developing ovum is

A. ovulation

B. fertilization

C. rapid increase in estrogen

D. breakdown of zona pellucida

E. none of the above

9. _____ Cleavage of the zygote

A. is initiated by fertilization.

B. results in an increase in total volume of the incipient embryo.

C. occurs within the zona pellucida.

D. results in the direct formation of the blastocyst.

E. Both A and C.

10. _____ Neural crest ectoderm gives rise to all of the following EXCEPT

A. sensory neurons.

B. somatic motor neurons.

C. adrenal (suprarenal) medulla.

D. melanocytes of the skin.

E. sympathetic chain ganglia.

11. _____ The amniotic cavity develops

A. during week 1

B. within the inner cell mass

C. in extraembryonic mesoderm

D. between the inner cell mass and the trophoblast

E. none of the above

12. _____ The allantois

A. forms the definitive medial umbilical ligament.

B. is a diverticulum of the hindgut (caudal yolk sac).

C. completely degenerates postnatally.

D. is an outpouching of the coelom into the connecting stalk.

E. is not found in the umbilical cord at any time.

13. _____ Which of the following statements are TRUE in relation to the anatomical "events" that result from head folding of the embryonic disc?

A. The septum transversum is now located rostral to the heart.

B. The heart is located dorsal to the pericardial coelom.

C. Myoblasts from the paraxial mesoderm of somites C3-C6 migrate into the septum transversum.

D. The rostral part of the yolk sac is incorporated into the embryo to form the foregut.

E. Both B and D.

14. _____ Which of the following statements is TRUE in regards to gastrulation?

A. begins during week 4 of development.

B. epiblast cells migrate into the primitive groove to form the neural tube.

C. primitive streak extends caudally from the oropharyngeal membrane to the primitive knot.

D. cloacal membrane contains 3 germ layers.

E. None of the above.

15. _____ Intraembryonic somatic mesoderm from the lateral plate forms the

A. epidermis of the skin.

B. smooth muscle of the wall of the esophagus.

C. pectoralis minor muscle.

D. intercostal muscles.

E. dermis of the skin.

16. _____ Prior to birth, primary oocytes

A. contain the haploid number of chromosomes.

B. are surrounded by the zona pellucida.

C. are found with the 1st polar body within a follicle.

D. begin meiosis I but stopped until 48 hours prior to ovulation.

E. Both C and D.

17. _____ The chorionic cavity (extra-embryonic coelom)

A. is lined by extra-embryonic mesoderm.

B. is obliterated by the expansion of the placenta.

C. is formed initially during postnatal week 3.

D. is located between the cytotrophoblast and syn-cytiotrophoblast.

E. None of the above.

18. _____ The dermatome at the nipple of the mammary gland is innervated by

A. ventral ramus of T4 spinal nerve.

B. ventral ramus of T5 spinal nerve.

C. 3rd intercostal nerve.

D. postganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

E. dorsal ramus of 4th intercostal nerve.

READ ALL statements very CAREFULLY AND THEN CHOOSE THE APPROPRIATE ANSWER.

CHOOSE:

A=1, 2, and 3

B= 1 and 3

C= 2 and 4

D= 4 only

E=all

1. _____ The dorsal ramus of spinal nerve L1 contains

1. cutaneous sensory fibers from the back

2. postganglionic sympathetic fibers

3. motor fibers to the intrinsic back muscles

4. motor fibers to intercostal muscles of the posterior thoracic wall.

2. _____ The sacral component of the parasympathetic nervous system

1. has postganglionic fibers which innervate structures derived embryologically from the hindgut (e.g., rectum ).

2. has preganglionic neuronal cell bodies located in the intermediolateral cell column.

3. has preganglionic fibers that enter the ventral ramus of a sacral spinal nerve.

4. has preganglionic fibers contained within white rami communicans of sacral spinal nerves.

1. _____ Spinal nerve C7 exits the spinal canal between the last cervical and the first thoracic vertebrae.

2. _____ The zona pellucida doesn't break down until the blastula has implanted into the endometrium of the uterus.

3. _____ An intercostal nerve can be composed of fibers from more than one thoracic spinal nerve.

4. _____ The notochord induces the overlying ectoderm to transform into the neural plate.

5. _____ Lateral folding of the embryo results in the formation of lateral and ventral body walls during week 4.